कोणत्याही अंतराळ यानासाठी मंगळावर प्रवास करणे चंद्राच्या अंतरापेक्षा 1000 पट जास्त पडते. म्हणूनच, चंद्र हा माणसाचे पहिले अवकाश घर.

पुणे : पृथ्वीवर दर मिनिटाला 250 बाळ जन्माला येतात. आपण लहान मुलांबद्दल बोलत आहोत. पृथ्वीवर काही दिवसानंतर माणूस जिवंत राहणार नाही. कारण पृथ्वीवरील भूमीपेक्षा लोकसंख्या जास्त असणार आहे. सध्या पृथ्वीवरील भूमीवर राहणाऱ्या माणसांचे प्रमाण प्रति चौरस किमी 50 मनुष्य आहे. काही दशकांत लोकांना पृथ्वीवर राहण्यासाठी जागा सापडणार नाही, मग ते कोठे जातील? चंद्रावर, अवकाशात किंवा मंगळावर असे अवकाशातील सोपे उत्तर आहे. मनुष्य तर जातील, परंतु सर्वात मोठा प्रश्न असा आहे की अंतराळात पहिले मूल (The first child in space) कधी जन्माला येईल? शास्त्रज्ञांनी याचा खुलासा केला (Scientists have revealed this) आहे. चला जाणून घेऊया तो मूल कोण असेल? ज्याकडे स्पेस पासपोर्ट, स्पेस व्हिसा आणि ग्रहांचे नागरिकत्व असेल. (when will the first human baby born in space tstr)

अवकाशात मनुष्याच्या पहिल्या मुलाचा जन्म होणार असल्याचे आता जास्त दिवस राहिलेले नाही. तिथे जन्माला येणाऱ्या बाळाचा आनंद तितकाच असेल जितका आनंद आफ्रिका सोडल्यानंतर एखाद्या व्यक्तीला होईल. एखाद्या अवकाशात, चंद्र किंवा मंगळावर मनुष्याच्या पहिल्या मुलाचा जन्म होताच त्याच वेळी हे घोषित केले जाईल की मनुष्य आता बहु-ग्रह सभ्यतेची (Multi-Planet Civilization) प्रजाती बनला आहे.

गेल्या शतकाचा पहिला भाग विविध सरकारांनी सॅटेलाइट्स लॉन्च करून मनुष्यांना चंद्रावर नेण्यासाठी खर्च केला. ज्याला अंतराळ युगाची (Space Age) सुरुवात असे म्हणतात. परंतु आता जगभरात 100 हून अधिक खासगी अवकाश कंपन्या आहेत. या कंपन्यांचा वार्षिक महसूल 300 अब्ज अमेरिकी डॉलर म्हणजेच 21.74 लाख कोटी रुपये आहे. हे भारतातील 10 मोठ्या राज्यांच्या वार्षिक अर्थसंकल्पाइतकेच आहे.

टक्सन एरिझोना विद्यापीठाचे संशोधक ख्रिस इम्पे म्हणाले की, पृथ्वी सध्या अवकाशात घडणार्‍या सर्व क्रियांचे केंद्रबिंदू आहे. येथूनच सर्व काम होऊन सूचना पाठवल्या जातात. तसेच नमुना चाचणी केली जाते. परंतु सुमारे 30 वर्षांनंतर अवकाशात राहू लागतील. जेव्हा एखादी व्यक्ती अवकाशात राहते, तेव्हा तेथे फक्त संशोधन किंवा कामच केले जाणार असे नाही. तो आरामही करेल. अवकाशात राहणारे पुरुष आणि स्त्रिया त्यांच्यात शारिरीक संबंध तयार होऊन तेथेच त्यांचे पहिले मूल जन्म घेईल. म्हणजेच अंदाजे 2051 या वर्षात किंवा त्याभोवती असे होईल.

आता मुद्दा असा आहे की, बरेच देश, त्यांची सरकार आणि खासगी कंपन्या अंतराळात आपले वर्चस्व प्रस्थापित करण्यासाठी गुंतलेली आहेत. तर मग हे अंतराळातील पहिल्या मुलास जन्म देण्यात मदत करेल. पहिल्यांदा अमेरिका आणि सोव्हिएत युनियनमध्ये स्पेस एक्सप्लोररसंदर्भात अनेक दशकांपासून स्पर्धा झाली. पण नासाने 1969 मध्ये एका व्यक्तीला चंद्रावर उतरवल्याबरोबरच त्याचे बजेट तिसऱ्याने कमी केले. सोव्हिएत युनियन जगातील सर्वात मोठा आर्थिक सुपर पॉवर राहिलेला नाही.

सोव्हिएत युनियनने अवकाशात पहिला उपग्रह यशस्वीरित्या प्रक्षेपित करून माणसांना पाठविले, परंतु त्याचा अंतराळ कार्यक्रम हळूहळू कमकुवत होत गेला. आता या लढाईचा नवा योद्धा चीन आहे. चीनने अंतराळ मोहिमेमध्ये खूप उशीराने एन्ट्री केली ते ही प्रचंड बजेटसह. चीन आपले एक अंतराळ स्टेशन बनवित आहे. अलीकडेच त्याचे रोव्हर आणि प्रोब चंद्र आणि मंगळावर दाखल झाले आहेत. चीन चंद्रावर आपला बेस (तळ) बनवण्याच्या विचारात आहे. ज्या वेगाने तो यश मिळवित आहे, तो काही दिवसांत एक शक्तिशाली अंतराळ पावर बनू शकतो.

लक्षात घेण्यासारखी बाब म्हणजे, या क्षेत्रात जर एखाद्या व्यक्तीने सर्वाधिक यश संपादन केले असेल तर ते एलोन मस्क (Elon Musk) आहे. स्पेसएक्सची त्यांची खासगी कंपनी सध्या नासाबरोबर काम करत आहे. स्पेसएक्सच्या नासाने आर्टेमिस प्रोग्राम अंतर्गत चंद्र आणि मंगळावर अंतराळवीरांना घेण्याचा प्रोजेक्ट दिला आहे. एलोन मस्कची इच्छा आहे की, त्याच्या वाहनातून चंद्र, मंगळ व त्याही पलीकडे 100 माणसांची ने-आण करण्याची इच्छा आहे. मात्र, याबाबत त्यांनी अद्याप कोणतीही टाईमलाईन जाहीर केलेली नाही. दुसरा मोठा स्पर्धक जेफ बेझोस आहे. त्याच्या कंपनीचे नाव ब्लू ओरिजिंस (Blue Origins) आहे. त्यांना सौर यंत्रणेत कॉलनी बांधायची आहे. त्यांचे प्लॅन अत्यंत कठीण वाटत आहेत, परंतु लक्षात ठेवण्याची गोष्ट म्हणजे ते दोन्ही जगातील सर्वात श्रीमंत लोकांपैकी एक आहेत. वेगवेगळ्या देशांतील सरकार रॉकेट फायर करत राहतील, परंतु खासगी कंपन्यांनी 2016 मध्ये अंतराळ बाजारात प्रवेश करण्यास सुरवात केली. जेव्हा पहिल्यांदाच व्यावसायिक अंतराळ उड्डाणे जगातील एजन्सीद्वारे अंतराळात पाठविल्या जाणार्‍या सरकारी मोहिमेवर सुटल्या.

कोणत्याही अंतराळ यानासाठी मंगळावर प्रवास करणे चंद्राच्या अंतरापेक्षा 1000 पट जास्त पडते. म्हणूनच, चंद्र हा माणसाचे पहिले अवकाश घर असेल. येथेच माणसाची पहिली अवकाश वसाहत बांधली जाईल. चीन आणि रशिया एकत्रितपणे 2036 ते 2045 दरम्यान चंद्राच्या दक्षिण ध्रुवाजवळ बेस स्टेशन बनवण्याचा विचार करीत आहेत. सन 2024 मध्ये नासाने पुन्हा मनुष्यांना चंद्रावर पाठविण्याचा प्लॅन केला आहे. या कामासाठी त्याच्याकडून स्पेसएक्सची निवड केली गेली आहे. अमेरिका तेथे लूनर कॉलनी तयार करण्याची तयारी करत आहे. यात स्पेसएक्स पृथ्वीवरून सप्लाय (पुरवठा) करण्यात मदत करेल.

चंद्रानंतर मंगळ ग्रह येतो. मनुष्याला येथे घेऊन जाण्याच्या प्लॅनची तारीख नासा आणि स्पेसएक्स सातत्याने वाढवत आहे. परंतु नासाची योजना भविष्याच्या दृष्टीने चांगली आहे. जरी इलोन मस्क यांनी 2050 मध्ये मनुष्याला मंगळावर नेण्याविषयी बर्‍याच ठिकाणी आणि मुलाखतींमध्ये सांगितले आहे. मंगळापेक्षा चंद्रावर मनुष्य वस्ती बनविणे सोपे होईल. अंतर आणि जटिल हवामान, वातावरण यात महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका बजावेल.

पृथ्वीवरून मुक्त झाल्यानंतर जे लोक पहिल्यांदा चंद्र, मंगळ किंवा अंतराळात जातील, त्यांच्यासाठी तेथील लोकसंख्या वाढविणे ही त्यांची सर्वात मोठी जबाबदारी असेल. चंद्र किंवा मंगळावर राहणे सोपे नसेल हे एक तणावपूर्ण काम असेल. काही महिने किंवा वर्ष तिथे राहिल्यानंतर कदाचित एखाद्या व्यक्तीस कुटुंब सुरू करण्याची किंवा मुलं होण्याची आवश्यकता असेल. जेव्हा एखादी व्यक्ती तिथे कायमची राहण्यास सुरुवात करेल तेव्हा त्याला कुटुंब नियोजनाबद्दल विचार करावा लागेल. तथापि, महिलेचे आरोग्य, गर्भावेळी योग्य जागा, चंद्र आणि मंगळासारखे वातावरण चांगले नाही. तिथे गुरुत्वाकर्षण शक्ती कमी असते, विकिरण आणि इतर प्रकारच्या समस्यांचा धोका असेल.

चला असे समजू या की, एखाद्या प्रकारे या ग्रहांवर किंवा अंतराळात मुलाचा जन्म झाला आहे, मग तो नवजात सुरुवातीस खूपच नाजूक असेल. त्याला त्या ग्रहावर ठेवणे खूप कठीण काम असेल. म्हणूनच, चंद्रावर किंवा मंगळावर बांधण्यासाठी असलेल्या बेस स्टेशनची पायाभूत सुविधा इतकी अत्याधुनिक असावी की ती स्त्रीची डिलेव्हरी करू शकेल. मग तिच्या नवजात मुलास पोषण करण्यासाठी ती तंदुरुस्त असेल. पृथ्वीसारख्या सामान्य प्रसूतीसाठी आणि मुलाचे संगोपन करण्यासाठी चंद्र, मंगळ व अवकाशात वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारचे स्टेशन तयार करावे लागतील. या प्रक्रियेस आणखी अनेक दशके लागतील.

तथापि, स्पेस लाइफ ओरिजिन या डॉट स्टार्टअप कंपनीला प्रसूतीपूर्वी गर्भवती महिलेला पृथ्वीपासून 402 किमी अंतराळात जायचे आहे. त्या महिलेला तेथे नेऊन डिलिव्हरी करायला हवी. भविष्यानुसार, त्यांची चर्चा आणि आयडिया सर्वोत्तम आहे, परंतु त्यापूर्वी त्यांना कायदेशीर, वैद्यकीय आणि नैतिक समस्या सोडवाव्या लागतील. ऑर्बिटल असेंबली कॉर्पोरेशन ही कंपनी पृथ्वीच्या कक्षेत लक्झरी हॉटेल बनवणार आहे. ज्याला ‘वॉयजर स्टेशन’ असे नाव देण्यात आले आहे. 2027 पर्यंत या कंपनीला हे हॉटेल बनवायचे आहे.

व्हॉएजर स्टेशनमध्ये 280 लोक आणि क्रूचे 112 सदस्य (क्रू-मेंबर) राहू शकतात. त्याची डिझाईन स्पिनिंग व्हीलसारखी आहे, जी त्याला गुरुत्वाकर्षणाची शक्ती देईल. बरं, नासाने 12 एप्रिल 2021 रोजी सांगितले की, सामान्य नागरिकांना आंतरराष्ट्रीय अंतराळ स्टेशनमध्ये घेऊन जायचे आहे. त्याला तिथे 10 दिवस ठेवून त्याचा चित्रपट बनवणार आहे. कदाचित ही कल्पना थोडी बदलली जाऊ शकते. एक श्रीमंत जोडपं अंतराळात सुट्टीच्या उद्देशाने लांब प्रवास करेल. तेथे ते दोघे एकत्र आल्यावर ती गर्भधारणा होईल आणि ते बाळाची डेलेव्हरीसुद्धा करतील. आतापर्यंत कोणत्याही दोन एस्ट्रोनॉट्सद्वारा अंतराळात शारीरिक संबंध केल्याचा पुरावा मिळालेला नाही. तर, सुमारे 600 लोकांनी पृथ्वीच्या कक्षेत प्रवास केला आहे. तेथे दोन अंतराळवीर देखील होते ज्यांचे लग्न झालेले होते. ते दोघे एकत्र गेले पण त्यांनी लग्न झालेले कोणालाही कळू दिले नाही.

(when will the first human baby born in space tstr)



Esakal

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